2025 Commentary “emor” Leviticus 21-24 “告诉” 利未记21-24 注释(2025)
(ChatGPT was applied for English translation.)
Leviticus 21:2 But for his kin, that is near unto him, that is, for his mother, and for his father, and for his son, and for his daughter, and for his brother,
除非为他骨肉之亲的父母，儿女，弟兄，
2025注释：”他骨肉”: Rashi解释“他骨肉”对应的原文表示他妻子。https://www.sefaria.org/Rashi_on_Leviticus.21.2.1?lang=bi
参照上下文，圣经教导祭司不可为民中的死人沾染自己，除非为他骨肉之亲的父母，儿女，弟兄，和未曾出嫁，作处女的姐妹，才可以沾染自己。
圣经这里从侧面教导我们哪些人是最亲近的亲人，大致包括包括配偶，父母，儿女，弟兄姐妹。按照犹太传统，若有这些亲人去世就需要哀悼，参见https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism
这些亲人的定义与现代美国人亲属移民政策定义的亲人也基本一致：
https://www.uscis.gov/family/family-of-us-citizens
圣经的风格并非抽象的神学著作。圣经实实在在地涵盖有关人类亲情的教导，因为它是造物主的话，而造物主是规定每个人生命中会有哪些亲属的那一位。
Commentary 2025:
“His kin”: Rashi explains that the original Hebrew term translated as “his kin” refers to his wife. https://www.sefaria.org/Rashi_on_Leviticus.21.2.1?lang=bi
From the context, Scripture teaches that a priest is not to defile himself for the dead among the general population, except for his close relatives: father, mother, son, daughter, brother, and an unmarried virgin sister.
Through this, the Bible indirectly teaches us who are considered one’s closest relatives—roughly: spouse, parents, children, and siblings. According to Jewish tradition, one is required to mourn for these relatives upon their death. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism
This definition of close kin aligns closely with how U.S. immigration policy defines immediate relatives:
https://www.uscis.gov/family/family-of-us-citizens
The Bible is not written in the style of abstract theological treatises. It gives concrete teachings about human relationships, because it is the word of the Creator—the One who appoints which family members each person will have in their life.
22:6 The soul which hath touched any such shall be unclean until even, and shall not eat of the holy things, unless he wash his flesh with water.
摸了这些人，物的，必不洁净到晚上，若不用水洗身，就不可吃圣物。
2025注释: “若不用水洗身，就不可吃圣物”： 这有点像基督徒的一个规定，没受洗之前不能吃圣餐。
Commentary 2025: “and shall not eat of the holy things, unless he wash his flesh with water”
— This is somewhat like a Christian rule: Before being baptized, one may not partake of the Lord’s Supper.
22:7 And when the sun is down, he shall be clean, and shall afterward eat of the holy things; because it is his food.日落的时候，他就洁净了，然后可以吃圣物，因为这是他的食物。
2025注释: “日落的时候，他就洁净了”，这里的洁净仪式除了水洗，还需要等到日落。日落是圣经里新的一天的开始，如创世记1:5里说的“有 晚 上 ， 有 早 晨 ， 这 是 头 一 日 。” 这可能象征性地提醒我们，受洗的人虽已被救赎，但要完全脱离旧我的干扰，还需要等到今生的路走完之后。不过，基督徒在受洗之后当天的日落之前，一般并没有要求先不用圣餐。
Commentary 2025: “And when the sun is down, he shall be clean”:
The purification ritual here, in addition to washing with water, also requires waiting until sunset.
Sunset is the beginning of a new day in the Bible, as stated in Genesis 1:5:
“And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day.”
This may symbolically remind us that, although a baptized person has already been redeemed, to be fully free from the influence of the old self still requires waiting until the journey of this present life is complete.
However, Christians generally are not required to abstain from the Lord’s Supper until after sunset on the day of their baptism.
23:40 And ye shall take you on the first day the boughs of goodly trees, branches of palm trees, and the boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook; and ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.
第 一 日 要 拿 美 好 树 上 的 果 子 和 棕 树 上 的 枝 子 ， 与 茂 密 树 的 枝 条 并 河 旁 的 柳 枝 ， 在 耶 和 华 你 们 的 神 面 前 欢 乐 七 日 。
2025注释: “欢 乐”： 不能把律法简单地看成一种累赘或负担。很多圣经节日是欢乐的时光。我女儿最喜欢无酵饼节，我最喜欢吹角节。我们可以在造物主面前欢乐，是因为如诗篇23所描述，祂在敌人面前为我们摆设筵席。今生的挑战虽然还存在，但掌管未来的造物主祂已经得胜。
Commentary 2025:
“Rejoice”: One must not view the Torah merely as a burden or obligation. Many biblical festivals are times of great joy. My daughter’s favorite is the Feast of Unleavened Bread; mine is the Feast of Trumpets. We can rejoice before the Creator because, as Psalm 23 describes, He prepares a table for us in the presence of our enemies. Though life’s challenges remain, the Creator who holds the future has already won the victories.
24:2 Command the children of Israel, that they bring unto thee pure oil olive beaten for the light, to cause the lamps to burn continually. 要 吩 咐 以 色 列 人 ， 把 那 为 点 灯 捣 成 的 清 橄 榄 油 拿 来 给 你 ， 使 灯 常 常 点 着 。
2025注释: 在前一章规定好春天秋天的圣经节日之后，这里的“油”和“灯”，和下一节提到的点灯的祭司亚伦，都预表冬天的修殿节（约翰福音10:22 “耶 路 撒 冷 有 修 殿 节 。 是 冬 天 的 时 候 。 ”）这是一千多年后发生的事。希腊侵略者污染了圣殿的油，犹太人的祭司领导起义胜利后，要恢复圣殿的事奉，但找到的洁净油只剩一天的分量，然而，这些油点了八天，直到新的洁净油来到。犹太人设立每年冬天八天的修殿节，又叫光明节，记念这个神迹，点灯，吃油炸食品。参见https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanukkah
圣经的预言性很令人惊奇，我们也注意到这个预言在此处的圣经并没有明说，而是需要用上下文和关键词的方法才能解读。
Commentary 2025:
After the previous chapter lays out the biblical festivals of spring and autumn, this mention of “oil” and “lamps,” together with the priest Aaron lighting the lamps (in the next verse), foreshadows the winter festival of the Feast of Dedication (John 10:22: “Then came the Festival of Dedication at Jerusalem. It was winter.”)—a historical event that occurred more than a thousand years later. When Greek invaders defiled the Temple and its oil, the Jewish priestly leaders led a victorious revolt to restore the Temple service. Only one day’s worth of pure oil remained, but miraculously, it burned for eight days—until new consecrated oil could be prepared. In memory of this miracle, the Jewish people established the eight-day winter festival of Hanukkah, also known as the Festival of Lights, during which candles are lit and oil-based foods are eaten. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanukkah
The prophetic nature of Scripture is amazing. Interestingly, this prophecy is not stated overtly in the text, but becomes apparent only through close attention to context and key words.