(利27)造物主的筵席
(Leviticus 27) The Creator’s Banquet
(ChatGPT translation from Chinese, edited by Mijiale, 中文在后面)
Leviticus 27:30 instructs the Israelites: “All the tithe of the land, whether of the seed of the land or of the fruit of the tree, is the Lord’s; it is holy to the Lord.”
According to Rashi’s commentary https://www.sefaria.org/Rashi_on_Leviticus.27.30?lang=bi, the tithe mentioned here refers to the “second tithe” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_tithe given after the first tithe to the Levites . The “seed of the land” corresponds to “grains,” and the “fruit of the tree” corresponds to “new wine and oil” made from grapes and olives. This aligns with Deuteronomy 14:23, which says, “And you shall eat before the Lord your God, in the place which He chooses to make His name abide, the tithe of your grain and your new wine and your oil, and the firstborn of your herds and flocks…” Therefore, this tithe is something the Israelites themselves can consume but must be eaten in the presence of the Creator, in Jerusalem (in the first, second, fourth, and fifth years of every seven-year cycle).
Why should this be eaten before the Creator? Because this tithe belongs to the Creator, is holy to Him, and represents the Creator inviting us to His banquet. The Jewish classic text Kiddushin 53a https://www.sefaria.org/Kiddushin.53a?lang=bi mentions that if this tithe’s produce is used for betrothal, the betrothal is invalid because this produce is not private property to use at one’s will; it is the Creator’s, meant for the Israelites to dine with Him .
From the Bible, we see that the Creator’s invitations are generous and abundant, including grains, new wine, oil, and livestock. No enemies can hinder this bounty, as expressed by King David in Psalm 23:5: “You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies; You anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows.” The original text “anoint my head with oil” suggests “making my head fat with oil https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/h1878/kjv/wlc/0-1/ .
I conducted some calculations and found that the Creator’s banquet standards are quite high, approximately equivalent to eating food worth two days’ wages daily. My calculation is as follows: The time to consume this tithe is during the three major pilgrimage festivals, roughly 17 days (Passover on Nisan 14th, the seven days of the Feast of Unleavened Bread from Nisan 15-21, one day of Pentecost on Sivan 6th, the seven days of the Feast of Tabernacles from Tishri 15-21, and the Eighth Day of Assembly on Tishri 22nd, see Leviticus 23). The second tithe, consumed after giving the first tithe to the Levites, is 9% of the annual income (as (1 – 1/10) * 1/10 = 9%). With an annual income based on 365 days, 9% is approximately 33 days’ income. Thus, 17 days of consumption equals about 33 days’ income, averaging about two days’ income per day. For a modern American middle-class individual with a $100,000 annual salary and a daily income of $300, this equates to consuming food worth $600 daily. This high festival dining standard might be hard to grasp for frugal modern Chinese, but for ancient Israelites, it represents the Creator’s abundant hospitality.
In contemporary Chinese churches, similar concepts might be found in Thanksgiving and Christmas feasts. Those who participate or organize such events can learn from the ancient Israelites’ second tithe, helping us better practice our faith in life: The Creator is a generous host, and we dine at His banquet.
(利27)造物主的筵席
利未记27:30教导以色利人:“ 地 上 所 有 的 , 无 论 是 地 上 的 种 子 是 树 上 的 果 子 , 十 分 之 一 是 耶 和 华 的 , 是 归 给 耶 和 华 为 圣 的 。”
Rashi解经https://www.sefaria.org/Rashi_on_Leviticus.27.30?lang=bi认为,这里的十分之一指的是给利未人十分之一以后的“第二个十分之一”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_tithe, “地 上 的 种 子” 对应于“五谷”, “树 上 的 果 子” 对应于从葡萄和橄榄制造的 “新 酒 , 和 油”,所以这对应于申命记14:23所说的 “又 要 把 你 的 五 谷 , 新 酒 , 和 油 的 十 分 之 一 , 并 牛 群 羊 群 中 头 生 的 , 吃 在 耶 和 华 你 神 面 前 , 就 是 他 所 选 择 要 立 为 他 名 的 居 所 。…” ,所以这个十分之一是以色列人自己可以吃的,但必须带到造物主面前吃,在耶路撒冷吃(在每个七年周期的第一、二、四、五年)。
为什么要带到造物主面前吃呢?因为这十分之一是造物主的,是归造物主为圣的,是造物主请我们赴祂的筵席吃饭。犹太经典https://www.sefaria.org/Kiddushin.53a?lang=bi里提到,如果动用这十分之一的出产来送聘礼订婚约娶媳妇,那么这个聘礼和婚约是无效的,因为这个出产不是自己可以随便使用的私有财产,而是造物主的,是祂请以色利人吃饭用的。
从圣经看,造物主请客是很慷慨和丰富的,有五谷,新酒和油,还有牛羊,而且任何作为受造物的敌人都无法阻扰,怪不得大卫王在诗篇23:5说:“在 我 敌 人 面 前 , 你 为 我 摆 设 筵 席 。 你 用 油 膏 了 我 的 头 , 使 我 的 福 杯 满 溢 。”原文“用 油 膏 了 我 的 头”有用油使我的头变胖的意思https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/h1878/kjv/wlc/0-1/。
我作了一些计算,发现造物主的请客的标准很高,大约对应于让我们每天吃两天的工资。我的计算是这样的:吃这十分之一出产的时间是在三大朝圣节日,应该大约是17天(正月十四逾越节的1天,正月十五到二十一的无酵饼节有7天,三月初六五旬节1天,七月十五到二十一的住棚节7天,七月二十二的第八日严肃会1天。参见利未记23章。)要吃的这第二个十分之一的土产,是在给利未人的第一个十分之一之后留下的十分之九中的十分之一,所以是(1-1/10)*1/10=9%。一年平均有365天的收入,它的9%是365*9%=32.85大约33天的收入。所以17天吃大约33天的收入,平均每天吃大约两天的收入。对一个年薪十万美元,大约日收入是300美元的现代美国中产阶级来说,那么这大约对应于让他每天吃喝600美元的饮食标准。这么高的节日饮食标准,对省吃俭用的现代华人来说可能难以理解,但对古代的以色列人来说,这是掌管万有的造物主在请客,我们不必担心。
这种赴主的宴席,到主面前吃喝的概念,在现在华人教会,与此有些类似的,大概是感恩节、圣诞节等节日的聚餐。我们参与或组织这种活动的人,值得学习一下古代以色列的这个第二个十分之一,这样我们可以更好地在生活中实践我们的信仰:造物主是慷慨的主人,我们是在祂的筵席吃喝。